PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.